23 September 2008 @ 08:29 pm
According to Richard Paul, in his book titled, Critical Thinking: What Every Person Needs to Survive in a Rapidly Changing World: “whether we are designing a new screw driver, figuring out how to deal with our children’s misbehavior, or working out a perspective on religion, we must order our meanings into a system of meanings that make sense to us, and so, in that respect, have logic”.
Students are introduced to Richard Paul’s eight elements of productive thinking or reasoning through a model in the William and Mary Language Arts Units. This wheel of reasoning reflects Paul’s theory that reasoning logically is a combination of critical thinking (thinking that assesses or judges) and creative thinking (thinking that makes or produces).
Wheel of Reasoning
Purpose/Goal
Inferences and assumptions
Implications/Consequences
Issue/Problem
Point of view
Data/Evidence
Concepts/Ideas
The model may be used to think through a problem or to analyze a specific event or situation in which people have different opinions. It is an advanced way of studying reasoning. The students start with just a few elements at the third grade and build on this as they develop clearer and stronger thinking.
The following questions demonstrate the elements of this model:
What is the problem? (Problem to be solved)
Why are we reasoning about it? (Goal or purpose)
What are the points of view?
What evidence supports the points of view? (experiences, data)
What are the important concepts or ideas?
What are the assumptions people make?
What inferences can we make?
What would be the consequences or implications of different actions?
http://www.graniteschools.org/C8/Paul's%20Reasoning%20Wheel/default.aspx
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